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the ECU issuing fault codes P0016, P0017, P0018 and P0019.

the 'check engine' light illuminating; and,• Valve timing: D-AVCS To optimise valve overlap and utilise exhaust pulsation to enhance cylinder filling at high engine speeds, the FA20D engine had variable intake and exhaust valve timing, known as Subaru's 'Dual Active Valve Control System' D-AVCS.

When the engine was stopped, the spool valve was put into an intermediate locking position on the intake side by spring power, and maximum advance state on the exhaust side, to prepare for the next activation.

The mass air flow meter also had a built-in intake air temperature sensor.

The spark plug caps, which provided contact to the spark plugs, were integrated with the ignition coil assembly.

Through the use of oil pressure and spring force, the lash adjuster maintained a constant zero valve clearance.

Furthermore, the water jacket could be extended near the combustion chamber to enhance cooling performance.

According to Toyota, port and direct injection increased performance across the revolution range compared with a port-only injection engine, increasing power by up to 10 kW and torque by up to 20 Nm.

If this occurred, the cam sprocket needed to be replaced.